What Is Cubic Volume and Why Does It Matter in LTL Shipping?

Understanding cubic volume

In transportation, the amount of space freight occupies is just as important as its weight. Cubic volume determines how efficiently freight fits within a trailer and plays an important role in shipment planning, transportation costs, and overall network efficiency. In LTL (less-than-truckload) shipping, where multiple shipments share trailer space, understanding cubic volume helps carriers and shippers plan freight more effectively while supporting reliable transit, product integrity, and efficient use of capacity.

What is cubic volume?

Cubic volume measures how much space a shipment occupies in a trailer. It is calculated by multiplying the length, width, and height of the freight and is typically expressed in cubic feet.

How it’s measured

Cubic volume is measured using the full dimensions of a shipment, including pallets, skids, and packaging. For irregularly shaped or stacked freight, the maximum dimensions are used to ensure the required space is accurately accounted for and the load can be planned effectively.

Cubing measurement guide

The following calculation helps determine how much trailer space your freight occupies. How to calculate dimensional weight To calculate dimensional weight: Length (inches) × Width (inches) × Height (inches) ÷ 1,728 × 12 Note:

- Minimum density is based on 12 lbs per cubic foot to help account for trailer space utilization.
- 1,728 converts cubic inches into cubic feet

Step-by-Step Example

- 1. Measure the shipment dimensions in inches
  2. Multiply the length × width × height
  3. Divide the total by 1,728 to convert cubic inches to cubic feet
  4. Multiply by 12 lbs (minimum density factor)

Why it matters

Improving cube utilization helps maximize trailer space, reduce unnecessary waste, and support more efficient transportation planning without sacrificing service. Understanding cube utilization also provides shippers with better visibility into how their freight uses trailer space, helping you plan more effectively, anticipate costs, and better prepare shipments before they move through the network. For more information about cubing calculations or shipment planning, please reach out to your Account Manager or contact our Sales team today at sales@erbgroup.com

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